Scale-up, scale-out, and scale-across are the three interconnection layers of AI infrastructure. Compare their bandwidth, latency, protocols, reach, and economics—from NVLink within a rack to Ethernet and InfiniBand fabrics, and to optical links between AI data centers.
DWDM and coherent optics address different aspects of optical transmission, with differences in wavelength multiplexing, modulation, detection, reach, spectral efficiency, DSP, power, and network applications.
ROADM and OADM provide wavelength add and drop functions in WDM networks, with major differences in reconfigurability, wavelength routing, network direction, automation, scalability, and applications.
SN and CS are compact duplex fiber connectors for high-density optical networks, with differences in connector design, packing density, polarity, breakout architecture, Base-2 and Base-8 connectivity, and data center applications.
MDC and CS are high-density duplex fiber connectors with different mechanical designs, connector density, polarity options, breakout architectures, and data center applications for 400G, 800G, and higher-speed networks.