Ethernet flow control prevents buffer overflow, while ECN and congestion control regulate traffic rates to maintain throughput, latency, and reliability in high-speed networks.
RoCEv2 MTU selection affects packet overhead, throughput, latency, and buffer utilization, making end-to-end consistency essential for high-performance RDMA networks.
Repeated link flaps trigger routing updates and forwarding-table changes, causing packet loss, traffic shifts, and instability across BGP and EVPN data center fabrics.
Unequal optical link capacity, signal quality, or path utilization can create stragglers, extend collective communication, and slow distributed AI training.
Active Optical Cable (AOC) is a high-speed interconnect cable that integrates opto-electronic conversion engines and control chips within the connectors at both ends.
Coarse Wavelength Division Multiplexing (CWDM) is a method of combining at least two signals at different wavelengths for transmission along a single fiber-optic cable.